Final Notice
FINAL NOTICE
To:
Stephen Goodwin
1.
ACTION
1.1.
For the reasons given in this notice, the FSA hereby:
(1)
imposes on Mr Stephen Goodwin (“Mr Goodwin”) a financial penalty of
£471,846; and
(2)
makes an order prohibiting Mr Goodwin from performing any function in
relation to any regulated activities carried on by any authorised or exempt
persons, or exempt professional firm. This order takes effect from 24 July 2012.
1.2.
The financial penalty consists of the following elements:
(1)
disgorgement of financial benefit of £303,846 arising from Mr Goodwin’s
misconduct; and
(2)
an additional punitive element of £168,000.
1.3.
Mr Goodwin agreed to settle at an early stage of the FSA’s investigation. Mr Goodwin
therefore qualified for a 30% (Stage 1) discount under the FSA’s executive settlement
procedures. Were it not for this discount, the punitive element of the financial penalty
imposed on Mr Goodwin would have been £240,000.
2.
SUMMARY OF REASONS
2.1.
Mr Goodwin was one of two partners of S Goodwin & M Best (“Goodwin Best”).
From November 2008 to November 2010 (“the relevant period”), Mr Goodwin and,
until January 2010, his partner (now deceased) accepted insurance premiums from
Goodwin Best clients but, in some cases, failed to pass the relevant funds to insurers
and intermediaries to arrange the associated insurance policies. They knowingly
misappropriated approximately £393,766 in order to fund the partnership’s business
expenses. Their actions resulted in financial loss to clients. During the relevant period,
Mr Goodwin paid £89,920 into the business to pay client premiums.
2.2.
Mr Goodwin’s conduct demonstrates a lack of honesty and integrity and therefore of
fitness and propriety, and constitutes a breach of Statement of Principle 1 of the FSA’s
Statements of Principle. The FSA considered that Mr Goodwin poses a risk to
consumers and to the financial system and that the nature and seriousness of the
breaches outlined above warranted the imposition of a substantial financial penalty and
the imposition of an order prohibiting him from performing any function in relation to
any regulated activities carried on by any authorised or exempt persons, or exempt
professional firm. These actions support the FSA’s regulatory objectives to reduce
financial crime, maintain market confidence and protect consumers.
3.
DEFINITIONS
3.1.
The following definitions are used in this Final Notice:
“the FSA” means the Financial Services Authority
“the Act” means the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
“Goodwin Best” means S Goodwin & M Best
“Statements of Principle” means the FSA’s Statements of Principle for Approved
Persons
“the Tribunal” means the Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber)
“the FSA Handbook” means the FSA Handbook of rules and guidance
3
“EG” means the FSA’s Enforcement Guide
“DEPP” means the FSA’s Decision Procedure and Penalties Manual.
4.
FACTS AND MATTERS
4.1.
Goodwin Best was a commercial insurance broker partnership based in Bury,
Lancashire comprising Mr Goodwin and his partner (now deceased) (“the partners”).
Goodwin Best was established in 1996 by the partners, who ran the business together
until January 2010 when the other partner left Goodwin Best and ceased to take his
monthly drawings from the partnership (although he remained a partner). Goodwin
Best was authorised by the FSA on 14 January 2005 to conduct insurance mediation
activities.
4.2.
Mr Goodwin was responsible for insurance mediation and held the controlled function
of CF4 (Partner) at Goodwin Best from 14 January 2005 to 13 April 2011.
4.3.
Goodwin Best ceased trading on 1 November 2010, when the insurance broker Firm A
bought Goodwin Best’s book of business. The partnership dissolved on 26 January
2011.
4.4.
On 13 April 2011, following Mr Goodwin’s voluntary application for the cancellation
of Goodwin Best’s Part IV permission, Goodwin Best’s permission was cancelled and
its authorisation was withdrawn. Mr Goodwin’s approval to perform his controlled
functions lapsed upon the cancellation of Goodwin Best’s Part IV permission.
Conduct in issue
4.5.
During the relevant period, Goodwin Best suffered financial difficulties. In response,
the partners, contrary to agency agreements that Goodwin Best held with a number of
insurers, retained a number of insurance premiums received from clients and did not
pay them to the relevant insurers and intermediaries. The partners transferred these
funds from Goodwin Best’s bank account for the retention of insurance premiums
(“the premium account”) into Goodwin Best’s office bank account (“the office
account”), and used these funds to pay business expenses of the partnership.
4.6.
The partners misappropriated approximately £393,766 during the relevant period,
transferring money from the premium account to the office account according to when
bills and wages were due. Mr Goodwin, during the relevant period, also paid £89,920
into the premium account to pay client premiums. The total amount misappropriated
by Mr Goodwin was therefore £303,846.
4.7.
At least three Goodwin Best clients whose policies were not subject to risk transfer
agreements (under which the insurer bears the risk for any losses arising from the firm
failing to transfer the money to the insurer) suffered loss as a result of Goodwin Best’s
failure to pay their insurance premiums to the relevant intermediaries during the
relevant period. Client B suffered an uninsured loss and Clients C and D paid the same
premiums twice to ensure that their insurance policies remained in force.
4.8.
Mr Goodwin was adjudged bankrupt on 12 April 2011 in relation to a debt of £50,699
incurred by Goodwin Best between 2008 and 2010. Mr Goodwin has been unable to
pay the outstanding premiums owed to the relevant insurers and intermediaries.
4.9.
On 24 February 2011, Mr Goodwin admitted to the FSA that the partners had
misappropriated insurance premiums and provided details of the manner in which they
had done so, as described above. Mr Goodwin has expressed significant remorse for
his actions and has cooperated fully with the FSA’s investigation into these matters.
5.
FAILINGS
5.1.
The regulatory provisions relevant to this Final Notice are referred to in the Annex.
5.2.
Mr Goodwin breached Statement of Principle 1 by failing to act with integrity in
carrying out his controlled functions in that he deliberately and dishonestly accepted
insurance premiums from Goodwin Best clients and failed to pass the relevant funds to
insurers and intermediaries to arrange the associated insurance policies, resulting in
some clients being left unknowingly uninsured and at the risk of paying premiums
twice to maintain cover. He also breached Statement of Principle 1 in knowingly
allowing his partner to engage in the same activity.
5.3.
These facts, and Mr Goodwin’s breach of Statement of Principle 1, demonstrate that
Mr Goodwin lacks honesty and integrity, is therefore not a fit and proper person.
6.
SANCTION
Financial penalty
6.1.
Given Mr Goodwin’s breach of Statement of Principle 1, the FSA may impose a
financial penalty on him pursuant to section 66 of the Act. The FSA’s policy on the
imposition of a financial penalty is set out in Chapter 6 of DEPP which forms part of
the FSA Handbook. On 6 March 2010, the FSA adopted a new penaltysetting regime.
As the majority of Mr Goodwin’s misconduct took place before the adoption of the
new regime, the FSA considered this case under the regime which applied before 6
March 2010.
6.2.
The FSA also had regard to the corresponding provisions of Chapter 7 of EG which
were in force during Mr Goodwin’s misconduct.
6.3.
The principal purpose of imposing a financial penalty is to promote high standards of
regulatory conduct by deterring persons who have committed breaches from
committing further breaches, helping to deter other persons from committing similar
breaches and demonstrating generally the benefits of compliant behaviour. A financial
penalty is a tool that the FSA may employ to help it achieve its regulatory objectives.
6.4.
In determining whether a financial penalty is appropriate, the FSA is required to
consider all the relevant circumstances of a case. Applying the criteria set out in DEPP
6.2.1G (regarding whether or not to take action for a financial penalty or public
censure) and 6.4.2G (regarding whether to impose a financial penalty or a public
censure), the FSA considered that a financial penalty is an appropriate sanction, given
the serious nature of the breaches.
6.5.
DEPP 6.5.2G sets out a nonexhaustive list of factors which may be relevant to
determining the appropriate level of financial penalty. The FSA considered that the
following factors are particularly relevant in this case.
Deterrence (DEPP 6.5.2G(1))
6.6.
The FSA considered that a financial penalty should be imposed to demonstrate to Mr
Goodwin and others the seriousness with which the FSA regards his behaviour.
The nature, seriousness and impact of the breach in question (DEPP 6.5.2G(2))
6.7.
Mr Goodwin acted dishonestly repeatedly and over a two year period, accruing
personal benefit as a result and causing loss to Clients B, C and D.
The extent to which the breach was deliberate or reckless (DEPP 6.5.2G(3))
6.8.
Mr Goodwin deliberately committed the breaches.
Whether the person on whom the penalty is to be imposed is an individual (DEPP
6.5.2G(4)) and the financial resources of the person on whom the penalty is to be
imposed (DEPP 6.5.2G(5)
6.9.
The FSA took into account in determining the amount of penalty to be imposed that
Mr Goodwin is an individual and that enforcement action may have a greater impact on
him that it would on a firm.
6.10. The FSA also took into account the fact that Mr Goodwin has recently been
discharged from bankruptcy. Notwithstanding Mr Goodwin’s recent bankruptcy, the
FSA considered the seriousness of Mr Goodwin’s misconduct warranted the
imposition of a financial penalty.
The amount of benefit gained or loss avoided (DEPP 6.5.2G(6))
6.11. The FSA considered that Mr Goodwin should not be allowed to retain the amount of
benefit he gained from his misconduct. It has proved difficult to precisely quantify the
amount but the FSA estimates that the partners together misappropriated
approximately £393,766. In addition, Mr Goodwin transferred £89,920 into the
business, all of which was used to pay client premiums. Given that Mr Goodwin was a
partner and that he knowingly engaged in the relevant course of misconduct with his
partner from which the partnership as a whole benefited, the FSA considered that
£303,846 (the difference between the total amount misappropriated by Goodwin Best
and the £89,920 that Mr Goodwin paid into the business to pay client premiums)
represents the minimum amount of benefit received by Mr Goodwin. The FSA
therefore considered it appropriate to seek disgorgement of £303,846. This amount
therefore makes up the disgorgement element of the financial penalty proposed in this
case.
Conduct following the breach (DEPP 6.5.2G(8))
6.12. Mr Goodwin has expressed significant remorse about his actions and has cooperated
fully with the FSA’s investigation. Were it not for these facts, the proposed punitive
element of the financial penalty would have been higher.
Other action taken by the FSA (DEPP 6.5.2G(10))
6.13. In determining the level of financial penalty, the FSA took into account penalties
imposed by the FSA on other approved persons for similar behaviour. This was
considered alongside the deterrent purpose for which the FSA imposes sanctions.
Conclusion on financial penalty
6.14. In conclusion, having regard to all the circumstances, the FSA considered the
appropriate level of financial penalty to be £543,846, comprising disgorgement of
financial benefit of £303,846 and a punitive element of £240,000 (before stage 1
discount).
Prohibition order
6.15. Mr Goodwin demonstrated a lack of honesty and integrity and is therefore not a fit and
proper person to perform regulated activities. The FSA has therefore made an order
prohibiting Mr Goodwin from performing any function in relation to any regulated
activities carried on by any authorised or exempt persons, or exempt professional firm,
pursuant to section 56 of the Act.
7.
PROCEDURAL MATTERS
Decision maker
7.1.
The decision which gave rise to the obligation to give this Notice was made by the
Settlement Decision Makers.
7.2.
This Final Notice is given under, and in accordance with, section 390 of the Act.
Manner of and time for Payment
7.3.
The financial penalty must be paid in full by Mr Goodwin to the FSA by no later than 7
August 2012, 14 days from the date of the Final Notice.
If the financial penalty is not paid
7.4.
If all or any of the financial penalty is outstanding on 8 August 2012, the FSA may
recover the outstanding amount as a debt owed by Mr Goodwin and due to the FSA.
7
7.5.
Sections 391(4), 391(6) and 391(7) of the Act apply to the publication of information
about the matter to which this notice relates. Under those provisions, the FSA must
publish such information about the matter to which this notice relates as the FSA
considers appropriate. The information may be published in such manner as the FSA
considers appropriate. However, the FSA may not publish information if such
publication would, in the opinion of the FSA, be unfair to Mr Goodwin or prejudicial
to the interests of consumers.
7.6.
The FSA intends to publish such information about the matter to which this Final
Notice relates as it considers appropriate.
FSA contacts
7.7.
For more information concerning this matter generally, contact John Kirby (direct line:
020 7066 1458/ fax 0207 066 1459) of the Enforcement and Financial Crime Division
of the FSA.
…………………………………………..
Tom Spender
FSA Enforcement and Financial Crime Division
ANNEX
STATUTORY PROVISIONS, REGULATORY GUIDANCE AND POLICY
1.
Relevant statutory provisions
1.1.
The FSA’s regulatory objectives, as set out in Section 2(2) of the Act, include the
protection of consumers, maintaining confidence in the UK financial system and the
reduction of financial crime.
1.2.
The FSA has the power, pursuant to Section 56 of the Act, to make a prohibition order
against an individual prohibiting that individual from performing a specified function,
any function falling within a specified description, or any function, if it appears to the
FSA that the individual is not a fit and proper person to perform functions in relation
to a regulated activity carried on by an authorised person.
1.3.
Section 66 of the Act provides that the FSA may take action against a person if it
appears to the FSA that he is guilty of misconduct and the FSA is satisfied that it is
appropriate in all the circumstances to take action against him. Misconduct includes
failure, while an approved person, to comply with a statement of principle issued under
section 64 of the Act. The action that may be taken by the FSA pursuant to section 66
of the Act includes the imposition of a penalty on the approved person of such amount
as it considers appropriate.
2.
Relevant Handbook provisions
Fit and Proper Test for Approved Persons
2.1
The section of the FSA Handbook entitled “FIT” sets out the Fit and Proper test for
Approved Persons. The purpose of FIT is to outline the main criteria for assessing the
fitness and propriety of a candidate for a controlled function. FIT is also relevant in
assessing the continuing fitness and propriety of an approved person.
2.2
FIT 1.3 provides that the FSA will have regard to a number of factors when assessing
the fitness and propriety of a person. The most important considerations will be the
person’s honesty, integrity and reputation, competence and capability, and financial
soundness.
2.3
In determining a person’s honesty, integrity and reputation, FIT 2.1 provides that the
FSA will have regard to all relevant matters including, but not limited to, those set out
in FIT 2.1.3G. FIT 2.1.3G includes:
(1)
whether the person has contravened any of the requirements and standards of
the regulatory system (FIT 2.1.3G (5)); and
(2)
whether, in the past, the person has been candid and truthful in all his dealings
with any regulatory body and whether the person demonstrates a readiness and
willingness to comply with the requirements and standards of the regulatory
system and with other legal, regulatory and professional requirements and
standards (FIT 2.1.3G (13)).
Statements of Principle and Code of Practice for Approved Persons (“APER”)
2.4
APER sets out the fundamental obligations of approved persons and sets out examples
of conduct, which, in the opinion of the FSA, does not comply with the relevant
Statements of Principle. It also sets out, in certain cases, factors to be taken into
account in determining whether an approved person’s conduct complies with a
Statement of Principle.
2.5
APER 3.1.3G provides that, when establishing compliance with, or a breach of, a
Statement of Principle, account will be taken of the context in which a course of
conduct was undertaken, including the precise circumstances of the individual case, the
characteristics of the particular controlled function and the behaviour expected in that
function.
2.6
APER 3.1.4G provides that an approved person will only be in breach of a Statement
of Principle if they are personally culpable, that is, where their conduct was deliberate
or where their standard of conduct was below that which would be reasonable in all the
circumstances.
2.7
In this case, the FSA considers the most relevant of the Statements of Principle to be
Statement of Principle 1 which states that an approved person must act with integrity
in carrying out his controlled function (APER 2.1.2P).
2.8
APER 4.1 sets out examples of behaviour which the FSA considers does not comply
with Statement of Principle 1. Examples of such conduct are:
(1)
deliberately misusing the assets or confidential information of a client or of his
firm (APER 4.1.10E), including using a client's funds for purposes other than
those for which they were provided (APER 4.1.11E(5)) and retaining a client's
funds wrongly (APER 4.1.11E(6));
(2)
deliberately not paying due regard to the interests of a customer (APER
4.1.14E); and
(3)
deliberate acts, omissions or business practices that could be reasonably
expected to cause consumer detriment (APER 4.1.15E).
3.
Other relevant regulatory provisions
FSA policy on the imposition of financial penalties
3.1
In considering the appropriate sanction, the FSA has had regard to its published
guidance. The FSA's policy in relation to the imposition of financial penalties is set out
in Chapter 6 of DEPP which forms part of the Handbook.
3.2
The Decision Procedure and Penalties Manual (Financial Penalties) Instrument 2010,
which came into force on 6 March 2010, made changes to DEPP. As the misconduct
described in the Decision Notice mostly occurred prior to 6 March 2010, the FSA has
had regard to the provisions of DEPP in force prior to 6 March 2010.
3.3
DEPP 6.1.2G provides that the principal purpose of imposing a financial penalty is to
promote high standards of regulatory and/or market conduct by deterring persons who
have committed breaches from committing further breaches, helping to deter other
persons from committing similar breaches, and demonstrating generally the benefits of
compliant behaviour.
3.4
The FSA will consider the full circumstances of each case when determining whether
or not to take action for a financial penalty (DEPP 6.2.1G). DEPP 6.2.1G sets out
guidance on a nonexhaustive list of factors that may be of relevance in determining
whether to take action for a financial penalty, which include the following:
(1)
DEPP 6.2.1G(1): The nature, seriousness and impact of the suspected breach,
including whether the breach was deliberate or reckless, the duration and
frequency of the breach, the amount of any benefit gained or loss avoided as a
result of the breach, the loss or risk of loss caused to consumers or other
market users, and the nature and extent of any financial crime facilitated,
occasioned or otherwise attributable to the breach.
(2)
DEPP 6.2.1G(2): The conduct of the person after the breach, including how
quickly, effectively and completely the person brought the breach to the
attention of the FSA, and the degree of cooperation the person showed during
the investigation of the breach.
(3)
DEPP 6.2.1G(5): Action taken by the FSA in previous similar cases.
3.5
DEPP 6.5.1G(1) provides that the FSA will consider all the relevant circumstances of a
case when it determines the level of financial penalty (if any) that is appropriate and in
proportion to the breach concerned.
3.6
DEPP 6.5.2G sets out a nonexhaustive list of factors that may be relevant to
determining the appropriate level of financial penalty to be imposed on a person under
the Act. The following factors are relevant to this case:
(1)
Deterrence: DEPP 6.5.2G(1)
When determining the appropriate level of penalty, the FSA will have regard to the
principal purpose for which it imposes sanctions, namely to promote high standards of
regulatory and/or market conduct by deterring persons who have committed breaches
from committing further breaches and helping to deter other persons from committing
similar breaches, as well as demonstrating generally the benefits of compliant business.
(2)
The nature, seriousness and impact of the breach in question: DEPP
6.5.2G(2)
The FSA will consider the seriousness of the breach in relation to the nature of the
rule, requirement or provision breached. Relevant considerations include the duration
and frequency of the breach, the loss or risk of loss caused to consumers, investors or
other market users and the nature and extent of any financial crime facilitated,
occasioned or otherwise attributable to the breach.
(3)
The extent to which the breach was deliberate or reckless: DEPP
The FSA will regard as more serious a breach which is deliberately or recklessly
committed. The matters to which the FSA may have regard in determining whether a
breach was deliberate or reckless include whether the breach was intentional, in that
the person intended or foresaw the potential or actual consequences of its actions. If
the FSA decides that the breach was deliberate or reckless, it is more likely to impose a
higher penalty on a person than would otherwise be the case.
(4)
Whether the person on whom the penalty is to be imposed is an
individual: DEPP 6.5.2G(4)
When determining the amount of a penalty to be imposed on an individual, the FSA
will take into account that individuals will not always have the resources of a body
corporate, that enforcement action may have a greater impact on an individual, and
further, that it may be possible to achieve effective deterrence by imposing a smaller
penalty on an individual than on a body corporate. The FSA will also consider whether
the status, position and/or responsibilities of the individual are such as to make a
breach committed by the individual more serious and whether the penalty should
therefore be set at a higher level.
(5)
The size, financial resources and other circumstances of the person on
whom the penalty is to be imposed: DEPP 6.5.2G(5)
The FSA may take into account whether there is verifiable evidence of serious financial
hardship or financial difficulties if the person were to pay the level of penalty
appropriate for the particular breach. The FSA regards these factors as matters to be
taken into account in determining the level of a penalty, but not to the extent that there
is a direct correlation between those factors and the level of penalty.
The purpose of a penalty is not to render a person insolvent or to threaten the person's
solvency. Where this would be a material consideration, the FSA will consider, having
regard to all other factors, whether a lower penalty would be appropriate. This is most
likely to be relevant to a person with lower financial resources; but if a person reduces
its solvency with the purpose of reducing its ability to pay a financial penalty, for
example by transferring assets to third parties, the FSA will take account of those
assets when determining the amount of a penalty.
(6)
The amount of benefit gained or loss avoided: DEPP 6.5.2G(6)
The FSA may take account of the amount of benefit gained or loss avoided by the
individual as a result of the breach and will propose a penalty consistent with the
principle that the person should not benefit from the breach.
(7)
Conduct following the breach: DEPP 6.5.2G(8)
The FSA may take into account the conduct of the person in bringing (or failing to
bring) quickly, effectively and completely the breach to the FSA's attention, and the
degree of cooperation the person showed during the investigation of the breach by the
FSA. Where a person has fully cooperated with the FSA’s investigation, this will be a
factor tending to decrease the level of financial penalty.
(8)
Other action taken by the FSA (or a previous regulator): DEPP
6.5.2G(10)
Action that the FSA has taken in relation to similar breaches by other persons may be
taken into account. As stated at DEPP 6.5.1G(2), the FSA does not operate a tariff
system. However, the FSA will seek to apply a consistent approach to determining the
appropriate level of penalty.
(9)
Discount for early settlement: DEPP 6.7.2G
Where a person receives a percentage reduction on a financial penalty for early
settlement of enforcement action against him, if part of the financial penalty specifically
equates to the disgorgement of profit accrued then the percentage reduction will not
apply to that part of the penalty.
FSA policy for exercising its power to make a prohibition order
3.7
The FSA’s approach to exercising its powers to make prohibition orders is set out in
EG.
3.8
EG 9.1 provides that the FSA’s power under section 56 of the Act to prohibit
individuals who are not fit and proper from carrying out controlled functions in relation
to regulated activities helps the FSA to work towards achieving its regulatory
objectives. The FSA may exercise this power to make a prohibition order where it
considers that, to achieve any of those objectives, it is appropriate either to prevent an
individual from performing any functions in relation to regulated activities, or to
restrict the functions which he may perform.
3.9
EG 9.4 sets out the general scope of the FSA’s powers in respect of prohibition orders,
which include the power to make a range of prohibition orders depending on the
circumstances of each case and the range of regulated activities to which the
individual’s lack of fitness and propriety is relevant. EG 9.5 provides that the scope of
a prohibition order will depend on the range of functions that the individual performs in
relation to regulated activities, the reasons why he is not fit and proper, and the
severity of risk which he poses to consumers or the market generally.
3.10
EG 9.17 provides guidance on the FSA’s approach to making prohibition orders
against an individual other than an individual referred to in EG 9.8 to 9.14 (approved
persons). The FSA will consider the severity of the risk posed by the individual, and
may prohibit the individual where it considers this is appropriate to achieve one or
more of its regulatory objectives.
3.11
When considering whether to exercise its power to make a prohibition order against
such an individual, the FSA will consider all the relevant circumstances of the case.
These may include but are not limited to, where appropriate the factors set out in EG
9.9.
3.12
EG 9.9 states that, when deciding whether to make a prohibition order against an
approved person and/or withdraw his approval, the FSA will consider all the relevant
circumstances of the case which may include, but are not limited to, the following
factors (among others):
(1)
whether the individual is fit and proper to perform functions in relation to
regulated activities. The criteria for assessing the fitness and propriety of an
approved person are contained in FIT 2.1 (Honesty, integrity and reputation);
FIT 2.2 (Competence and capability); and FIT 2.3 (Financial soundness);
(2)
whether, and to what extent the approved person has failed to comply with the
Statements of Principle;
(3)
the relevance and materiality of any matters indicating unfitness;
(4)
the length of time since the occurrence of any matters indicating unfitness; and
(5)
the severity of the risk which the individual poses to consumers and to
confidence in the financial system.
3.13
EG 9.23 provides that in appropriate cases the FSA may take other action against an
individual in addition to making a prohibition order including the use of its power to
impose a financial penalty.